Syllabus for
Bachelor of Science (Computer Science, Mathematics, Electronics)
Academic Year  (2023)

Course Description

This course is taught in the second year for students from different streams, namely BA, BSc

and BCom. If the first year syllabus is an attempt by the Department of English, Christ

University to recognize and bring together the polyphonic Indian voices in English and Indian

regional literatures in translation for the Additional English students of the first year, the

second year syllabus intends to take that project a little further and open up the engagement

of the students to texts from across the world. The syllabus - selection of texts will

concentrate on readings from South Asian, Latin American, Australian, Canadian, and Afro-

American. It will voice subaltern concerns of identity, gender, race, ethnicity and problems of

belongingness experienced by humanity all over the globe.

The syllabus will extend the concerns of nation and nationality and marginalization,

discussed within the Indian context to a more inclusive and wider global platform. We have

consciously kept out ‘mainstream’ writers and concentrated on the voices of the subalterns

from across the world. There is an implicit recognition in this project that though the aspects

of marginalization and the problems facing subalterns are present across cultures and

nations, the experiences, expressions and reflections are specific to each race and culture.

The course will address these nuances and specificities and enable our students to become

more aware and sensitive to life and reality around them. This will equip the students, who

are global citizens, to understand not just the Indian scenario, but also situate themselves

within the wider global contexts and understand the spaces they will move into and negotiate

in their future.

There is a prescribed text book Blends: Voices from Margins for the second year students,

compiled by the Department of English, Christ University and intended for private circulation.

Course Objectives

The course objectives are

 to enable students to look at different cultures through Literature

 to help students develop an understanding of subaltern realities and identity politics

 to inculcate literary sensibility/taste among students across disciplines

 to improve language skills –speaking, reading, writing and listening

 to equip the students with tools for developing lateral thinking

 to equip students with critical reading and thinking habits

 to reiterate the study skills and communication skills they developed in the previous

year and extend it.

TetsukoKuroyanagi: Tottochan: The Little Girl at the Window12

Liliana Heker : “The Stolen Party

 Higuchi Ichiyo: “Separate Ways”

 Harukki Murakami "Birthday Girl"

 Luisa Valenzuela: “I’m your Horse in the Night”

Poetry 12 Hrs

 Silvio Curbelo: “Summer Storm”

 Nancy Morejon: “Black Woman”

 Ruben Dario: “To Roosevelt”

 Mina Asadi: “A Ring to me is a Bondage”

Essay 9Hrs

 Amy Tan: “Mother Tongue

 Linda Hogan: “Waking Up the Rake”

 Isabelle Allande: “Open Veins of Latin America”

Children's Literature -  Kimberley Reynolds (CUP)

CIA 1: A written test for 20 marks. It can be an Open Book test, a classroom assignment, an

objective or descriptive test pertaining to the texts and ideas discussed in class.

CIA2: Mid-semester written exam for 50 works

CIA 3: This is to be a creative test/ project in small groups by students. They may do

Collages, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes, presentations, debates,

charts or any other creative test for 20 marks. This test should allow the students to explore

their creativity and engage with the real world around them and marks can be allotted to

students depending on how much they are able to link the ideas and discussions in the texts

to the world around them.

Question Paper Pattern

Mid Semester Exam: 2 hrs

Section A: 4x5= 20

Section B: 2x15=30

Total 50

End Semester Exam: 3 hrs

Section A: 4 x 5 = 20

Section B: 2 x 15= 30

Total 50

This course enables the students to apply the concepts of database management system and helps to understand the concept of software engineering principles. This course also focuses on the important steps in designing the software project.

CO2: Demonstrate database operations using Relational Calculus and Algebra.

CO3: Design normalized database applications.

CO4: Analyze and find the practical solutions to the problem by applying the software process.

Data- Database- Database management system- Characteristics of the  database  approach-  Role of Database administrators- Role of Database Designers- End Users- Advantages  of Using a DBMS and When not to use a DBMS-Database System Concepts and Architecture- Data Models- Categories of data models- Schemas- Instances- and  Database  states-  The  Three schema architecture- Data independence- DBMS Languages and Interfaces- Classification of Database Management Systems.

SQL data definition and data types- specifying constraints in SQL- SQL functions- Basic queries-Filtering data using where- Group by statements- DDL- DML- Retrieving data from multiple tables- Sub queries- Concept of a view in SQL.

Relational Algebra: Unary relational operations; Binary relational operations ; Examples of queries in relational algebra, Relational calculus: The Tuple relational calculus; The Domain relational calculus.

Using  High   Level   Conceptual   Data   Models   for   Database   Design-    Example  Database applications-Entity types- Entity Sets-Attributes and Keys- Relationships- Relationship types- Roles and Structural constraints- Weak Entity Types- Drawing E- R Diagrams.

Functional dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases-  Normalization  concepts- Normal forms-1NF- 2NF- 3NF- BCNF- 4NF.

Nature of software - Defining software, Software Application Domains, Legacy Software - Software Engineering, The software process, Software Engineering practice - The essence of Practice, General Principles - Software Crisis and Myths.

A generic process model – Defining a framework activity, identifying a Task Set, Process Patterns - Process Assessment and improvement, Prescriptive Process Models – The waterfall Model, Incremental Model, Evolutionary Process Model, Concurrent Models - A Final Word on Evolutionary Processes

Requirements Engineering, Establishing the groundwork – Identifying Stakeholders, Recognizing multiple viewpoints, Working toward Collaboration, Asking the first questions - Eliciting requirements - Collaborative requirement gathering, Quality function Deployment, Usage Scenario Elicitation Work Products - Developing use cases, building the requirements model – Elements of the requirements Model, Analysis pattern - Negotiating requirements, validating requirements.

The design within the context of Software Engineering, The design process – Software quality guidelines and attributes, The evolution of software design - Design concepts – Abstraction, Architecture, Patterns, Separation of concerns, Modularity, information hiding, Functional Independence, refinement, Aspects, Refactoring, Object Oriented design concepts Design classes. The design Model – Data Design elements, Architectural Design elements, Interface Design Elements, Component - Level Design elements, Deployment level Design elements.

A Strategic approach to testing- Verification and Validation, Organizing for software testing, software testing strategy, Criteria for completion of testing-Test strategies for conventional software - Unit testing, Integration testing- Test strategies for Object Oriented software-Unit testing in the OO Context, Integration testing in the OO Context - Validation testing, White- box testing, Basic path testing- Flow Graph Notation, Independent program paths, Deriving test cases, Graph matrices- control structure testing – Condition testing, Data flow testing, loop testing- Black-box testing-Graph-based testing methods, Equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis.

[2] Pressman S Roger, Software Engineering A Practitioner’s Approach, McGraw Hill International Editions, 7th edition, 2010.

[2] Sommerville, Ian, Software Engineering, Addison Wesley, 9th Edition, 2010.

[3] Pankaj Jalote, Software Engineering: A Precise Approach, Wiley India, 2010.

[4] Stephen R. Schach, Software Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2007.

ESE: 50%

This course covers the programming paradigms associated with python. It explores the object-oriented programming, Graphical programming aspects of python with help of built-in modules.

CO2: Demonstrate significant experience with python program development environment.

CO3: Develop GUI programming concepts.

Sequences, Mapping and Sets- Dictionaries- Functions - Lists and Mutability – String Operations.

Program 1

Demonstrate the use of lists, sets, tuples, dictionaries and perform the string operations.

Mechanism of Module Execution - Problem Solving Using Lists and Functions - Classes: Classes and Instances-Inheritance.

Program 2

Perform the usage and creation of custom modules and demonstrate the features of OOP concepts using Python.

Exception Handling: Catching and Raising Exceptions, Custom Exceptions – Regular Expression: Character Classes, Quantifiers, Grouping and Capturing, Assertions and Flags.

Program 3

Demonstrate the usage of Exception Handling and Perform Regular Expression operations for different scenario.

GUI Programming Introduction-Tkiner module-Root window-Widgets-Button-Label.

Program 4

Create a system application using Tkinter and perform the usage of different widgets.

Tkinter Message types – Text – Menu - Listboxes – Spinbox - Creating tables.

Program 5

Perform the operation using list and populate the values in the form of tables inside GUI using Tkinter.

Introduction-Web framework-creating model to add database service - Django administration application.

Program 6

Develop a web application using Django and explain the procedure of creating model and accessing model using Django administration application.

Computation on NumPy-Aggregations-Computation on Arrays-Comparisons, Masks and Boolean Arrays-Sorting Arrays.

Program 7

Demonstrate Indexing and Sorting using Numpy.

Pandas Objects-Data indexing and Selection-Operating on Data in Pandas-Handling Missing Data.

Program 8

Demonstrate handling of missing data using Pandas.

[2]T.R.Padmanabhan, Programming with Python,Springer Publications,2016.

ESE - 50 %

The rapid growth of communication technologies and their pervasive applications in all walks of life today emphasize the importance of a course in electronic communication systems. This paper provides comprehensive coverage of the field of electronic communication and various technologies. It starts with basic concepts of noise, modulation and demodulation techniques through which radio communication techniques are introduced. The basic principles of data communication, satellite communication, and mobile communications are included. A brief study on the latest technologies like CDMA, LTE, 4G and 5G etc will help the students to up-date their knowledge of current technologies. Units III and IV caters to regional and national needs.

Introduction to communication – means and modes. Need for modulation. Block diagram of an electronic communication system, frequency allocation for a radio communication system in India (TRAI). Electromagnetic communication spectrum, band designations and usage. Concept of Noise, random processes & its measurements (qualitative), signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, Thermal noise voltage. Amplitude Modulation, modulation index and frequency spectrum. Power relations in AM, modulation by several sine waves, Generation of AM (Emitter Modulation), Amplitude Demodulation (diode detector), Concept of Single side band generation and detection. Frequency Modulation (FM) and Phase Modulation (PM), modulation index and frequency spectrum, equivalence between FM and PM, FM detector (slope detector), Qualitative idea of Super heterodyne receiver

Introduction to pulse and digital communication, Sampling theorem, Sampling techniques, Analog pulse modulation methods, Basic Principles of PAM, PWM, PPM, diagrams, advantages and disadvantages of each method, Pulse Code Modulation, Digital Carrier Modulation Techniques, Sampling, Quantization, quantization error and Encoding. Block diagram of a simple PCM communication system, Advantages and applications of PCM.Digital: Need for digital transmission, Concept of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). Latest trends in digital modulation, Characteristics of data transmission circuits, Channel capacity, Shannon limit, Nyquist rate, data transmission speed, bit rate and baud rate, noise, cross talk etc

Introduction and need of a satellite, the launching of a satellite, the use of Kepler's laws, satellite orbits, geostationary satellite advantages.  Satellite subsystems-block diagram,  ground station – simplified block diagram, of an earth station, satellite visibility, satellite attitude and station keeping, transponders (C - Band), satellite bandwidth, path loss, uplink, downlink and cross-link, frequency reuse, spatial isolation, solar panels, antennas-types satellite applications, remote sensing, weather forecast, Google map, satellite TV, cable TV, TV channels, DTH Technology, Digital TV,

The basic concept of mobile communication, frequency bands used in mobile communication, the concept of cell sectoring and cell splitting, frequency reuse in mobile communication, hand off, improving coverage and cell systems, SIM number, IMEI number, need for data encryption, architecture (block diagram) of mobile communication network, the idea of GSM, CDMA, TDMA and FDMA technologies, a simplified block diagram of mobile phone handset, 2G, 3G and 4G concepts, LTE and 5 G (qualitative only).

Health hazards of mobile phone communication and usage.Introduction to Electronic-waste, hazards of e-waste, the materials responsible, management of e-waste, Indian and global scenario of e-waste management

[1]. Dennis Roddy & John Coolen, (2002). Electronic Communication, (4^th Edition.) PHI,

[2]. George Kennedy & Bernad Davis, (2005). Electronic Communication Systems, (4^th Edition .), TATA McGraw Hill.

[3]. Louis Frenzel,(2002) Communication Electronics,(3^rd Edition.), TMH.

[1]. Wayne Tomasi,(2011). Advanced Electronics Communication Systems-,(6^th Edition.), Prentice-Hall.

[2]. B.P. Lathi (2011). Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, (4^th Edition.), Oxford University Press.

This practical course provides an overview of the experiments connected with electronic  communication techniques. The lab sessions allow the students to construct, analyse and  troubleshoot circuits using transistors, op-amp IC 741, IC 555. The experiments are from analogue,  pulse and digital modulation techniques

 ● Acquire experimental skills, analyse the results and interpret data. 

● Demonstrate and construct circuits for different aspects of analogue communication

● Design, model and develop various digital communication devices

● Illustrate how to acquire data and verify the working of different communication circuits  and devices

1. Voltage-controlled oscillator

2. Tuned amplifier

3. To study pulse width modulation (PWM)

4. To study pulse position modulation (PPM)

5. To study ASK modulation

6. To study FSK modulation.

7. Saw-tooth generator using IC 555

8. To design an amplitude modulator and demodulator using a transistor.

9. To study pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)

[1]. Dennis Roddy &John Coolen, (2002). Electronic Communication, (4^th Edition) PHI, 

[2]. George Kennedy & Bernad Davis, (2005). Electronic Communication Systems, (4^th Edition.),  TATA McGraw Hill

Course Description

English is offered as a course for all the students in BA, BSc, BCom, and BBA F&A classes in the third and fourth semesters. The aim is to strengthen the communication skills, and particularly study skills of the learners further, through adequate practice and exposure to good examples of writing, thought, ideas and human values. In addition, they will be trained in study skills through tasks in academic genres such as message, letter, essay, data interpretation etc. It aims to not only equip learners with skills but also sensitize them towards issues that concern human life in today’s globalised context. The course content is selected to meet the requirements of the departmental goal of “empowering the individual to read oneself, the social context and the imagined”; institutional goal of ensuring “holistic development”; and the national goal of creating competent and valuable citizens. The primary objective of this course is to help learners develop appropriate employability skills and demonstrate suitable conduct with regards to communication skills. The units are organised in order to help the learners understand the academic and workplace demands and learn by practice.

Course Objectives     

·       To enable learners to develop reading comprehension for various purposes

·       To enable learners to develop writing skills for academic and professional needs

·       To enable learners to develop the ability to think critically and express logically

·       To enable learner to communicate in a socially and ethically acceptable manner

·       To enable learners, to read, write and speak with clarity, precision and accuracy

Subject verb agreement

Tenses

Preposition

Voices

Clauses

Skimming and scanning

Strategies of reading

Reading and understanding reports

Reading content/ texts of various kinds

Inferencing skills

Academic vocab

Academic phrases

Professional expression

Study skills- library and referencing skills (organising reading, making notes, managing time, prioritising)

Mind mapping

Organising ideas

Accurate usage of vocabulary

Paragraph strategy

Cohesion and sequencing (jumbled sentences to paragraph)

Extended writing 

Formal and informal writing

Reports (all types including illustration to report and report to illustration and/or graphs, charts, tables and other statistical data)

Proposal writing (for projects, for research)

Academic essays/ articles

Persuasive writing, extrapolative writings

Case study writing

Executive summaries

Editing, proofreading skills

Resume vs CV

Self-introduction

Body language

Talks, speeches and presentations

Conversation

Telephone conversation

Meetings

Group discussion

Seminar / conference presentation

Principles of communication

Process of communication

Types of communication

Barriers in communication

Evaluation Pattern

CIA 1: Classroom assignment/test/ written or oral tasks for 20 marks keeping in tune with the course objectives and learning outcomes.

CIA 2: Mid-semester exam for 50 marks.

CIA 3: Collage, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes or any creative assignments.

 End- semester 50 marks 

End Semester Exam: 2 hrs

French as second language for the Arts, Science and Commerce UG program

To perform a tribute: artist, work, you are going to…..

Towards a working life

France Seen by...

Mediamania

Act 1, 2 & 3

2.      Gonnet, Georges. Molière- Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme .Paris : Hachette, 1971

2.      French websites like Bonjour de France, FluentU French, Learn French Lab, Point du FLE etc.

Course Description:

The detailed text book “Shambook” is a Khanda Kavya written by Jagdeesh Gupta. To improve the creative writing skills, Nibandh, Kahani and Kavitha lekhan are included.Bharathiya chitrakala is also a part of the syllabus to improve the knowledge aboutIndian paintings.

Course Objectives:

Students are exposed to different forms of poetry especially, Khanda Kavya. It will help them to understand the contemporary socio-political issues.By learning about the tradition of Indian painting and legendary painters of India , students get to know about the richness and culture  of the Indian paintings. Creative writing sharpens their thinking, analytical  and writing skills 

Khanda Kavya “Shambook” [Poetry] By:Jagdeesh Gupta. Pub: Raj Pal & Sons

Level of knowledge:Analitical    

Nibandh lekhan, Katha lekhan, Kavitha lekhan.

Level of knowledge:Conceptual

Utbhav, vikas aur pramukh shailiyam

pramukh kalakar-1.M F Hussain 2.Ravindranath Tagore 3.Raja Ravi Varma 4.Jamini Roy.

Level of knowledge: Conceptual

1. Khanda Kavya”Shambook[Poetry] ByJagdeesh Gupta.Pub: Raj Pal & Sons

2. Essentials of Screen writing: The art, craft and business of film and television writing

By: Walter Richard.

3. Writing and Script: A very short introduction

By: Robinson, Andrew.

4 .Creative writing By John Singleton

5. Adhunik  Hindi Nibandh By Bhuvaneshwarichandran Saksena.

CIA-2(Mid sem examination)

CIA-3(wikipedia article creation)

End semester examination

Course Description: Language Kannada is offered to students of third Semester BA/B.Sc as Second language for fifty marks. Students of this semester will study an anthology of Modern Kannada Poetry and an Autobiography of Laxman Gaikwad. This course prepares the students to understand the new era. At the dawn of the twentieth century, B.M. Srikantiah, regarded as the “Father of modern Kannada Literature”, called for a new era of writing original works in modern Kannada while moving away from archaic Kannada forms. Students will study modern Kannada poetry from B.M.Sri to Dalit poet Dr. Siddalingiah. An anthology of modern poetry is selected to understand the beauty of modern Kannada poets through their writings. Uchalya is an autobiographical novel that carries the memories of Laxman Gaikwad right from his childhood till he became an adult. Laxman Gaikwad took birth in a criminal tribe of India belonging to Orissa/ Maharastra. The original text is translated to Kannada by Chandrakantha Pokale.

Course Objectives:

Understand and appreciate poetry as a literary art form.

Analyse the various elements of Poetry, such as diction, tone, form, genre, imagery, symbolism, theme, etc.

Appreciates to  learn the elements of autobiography.

1. Kariheggadeya Magalu- B.M.Sri

2. Hunnime Ratri- Kuvempu

3. Anna Yagna-Bendre

4.Mankuthimmana Kagga-D.V.G

5.Ikkala- K.S. Narasimha Swamy

6. Kannad padgol- G.P.Rajarathnam

7.Hanathe hachchuttene- G.S.S

8.Adugemane Hudugi-Vaidehi

9. Nehru Nivruttaraguvudilla- Adgaru

10. Nanna Janagalu.-Siddalingaiah

Text: Uchalya

Author:Lakshman Gayekwad

Translation: Chandrakantha Pokle

1 Dialogue Writing

2 Essay writing

3 short story building

2. Kannada Sahitya Charithre- Volumes 1-4, Editor: G. S. Shivarudrappa, Prasaranga, Bangalore Univeristy.

3. Hosagannada Kavitheya Mele English Kavyada Prabhava- S. Ananthanarayana

4. Hosagannadada Arunodaya- Srinivasa  Havanuru

2. Kannada Sahitya Sameekshe- G. S. Shivarudrappa

3. Bhavageethe- Dr. S. Prabhushankara

4. My Experiments with Truth- M.K. Gandhi

5. Ouru Keri- Siddalingaiah

Course description : This course enables the students to understand the basic techniques and theories of real Analysis.

Course objectives : This course will help the learner to

COBJ1. examine the convergence or divergence of sequences and series.

COBJ2. understand the different types of convergence and their properties.

CO1. Quote and understand the definition of a limit of a sequence or a function in its various forms.

CO2. Demonstrate the convergence or divergence of the geometric and harmonic series and other standard series.

CO3. Apply the basic tests for convergence of infinite series.

CO4. Prove the tests for convergence: Comparison Test, Ratio Test, Cauchy’s Root test, Raabe’s Test, alternating series test etc.

CO5. Understand the differences between convergence and absolute convergence

CO6. Understand and solve binomial , logarithmic and exponential series

Open sets, closed sets, closure of a set, countable and uncountable sets, topology of real line. Sequences: Definition of Sequences, limit of a sequence, algebra of limits of a sequence, convergent, divergent, and oscillatory sequences, problems thereon. Bounded sequences, Monotonic sequences and their properties, Cauchy sequence.

Infinite series, Cauchy convergence criterion for series, geometric series, comparison test, convergence of p-series, D'Alembert's Ratio test, Raabe's test, Cauchy's Root test, alternating series, Leibnitz’s test. Definition and examples of absolute and conditional convergence.

Sequences and series of functions, Pointwise and uniform convergence. Mn - test, M-test, Statements of the results about uniform convergence. Power series and radius of convergence.

Course description: The course Python programming for Mathematics is aimed at enabling the students to appreciate and understand some concepts in mathematics like Matrices, sequences, series, geometric shapes and fractals with the help of Python programming language. It is designed with a learner-centric approach wherein the students will acquire mastery in the subject by using Python programing language as tool.

Course objectives: This course will help the learner to

COBJ1. Acquire programming skill in solving mathematical problems using Python

1.  Introduction to NumPy and Sympy
2. Algebra and Symbolic Math with SymPy
3. Matrices - determinant, transpose, lower and upper triangular matrices, Eigen values
4. Solving linear and nonlinear equations
5. Test for Convergence of Sequences
6. Test for Convergence of Series
7. Drawing Geometric Shapes and Fractals
8. Complex functions in Python

Sundara Kanda is the only chapter of the Ramayana in which the hero is not Rama, but rather Hanuman. The work depicts the adventures of Hanuman and his selflessness, strength, and devotion to Rama are emphasized in the text. Bhoja only wrote 5 kāṇdas (up to the Sundarakāṇda), and there is a story about this: that he was inspired to write this work the night before a battle, that as he finished the Sundarakāṇda it was time to go, and that he announced that the Yuddhakāṇda would be enacted in the battlefield against the invader, but sadly he never returned. Others have composed a Yuddhakāṇda to complete the work.

The main objective of the students is to understand the champu Kavyas based on the sam.  

The Origin and development of the Champu.

Origin and developmetn of Champu kavyas

Five Important Champus

Level of knowledge: Basic/conceptual/ Analytical

Shlokas 1 -60 Hnumantha¨s voyage to Lanka and searching for Seetha Description of city Lanka , Characters of Champu Kavya 

Prayogas and Krudantha

Translation of Given passage from English to Sanskrit 

Writing composition in sanskrit on the given topic in Sanskrit

Sundarakanda from Bhaja´s Champu Ramayana 

Chitrakalayaa: ugagamam vikaasam ca

origin and development of painting through Vedas and Puranas

Reference Books:-

1)      Sundarakanda from “Champuramayana of Bhoja  

2)      Sanskrit Grammar by M.R. Kale.

3)       History of Sanskrit literature by Dr.M.S. Shivakumaraswamy.

4)       History of Sanskrit literature by Krishnamachari.

CIA 2 mid semester examination

CIA 3 Wikipedia assignment

Araillakiyam, bakthi illakiyam, ikala illakiyamn the major allakiyams.The influence myths and puranas are delineated through the good deeds for a better lifestyle.The  Cultural Studies part will have an overview of Indian painting both traditional and modern with special reference to mythology and literature

India 2020- Abdul Kalam

1. Thirukural

2. Avvai kural

1. Thiru vasagam

2. Kambar andhadhi

Naatu pura padalgal

India 2020- Dr. Abdul Kalam

1. Common topic: Oviyam

2. Visual text : nattupuviyal

Sollu illakanam

Thirukkural-Bhoombugar pathipagam- puliyur kesigan urai, Chennai- 08

Kammbarin Ainthu noolgal- Vanathi pathupagam- Dr. R. Rajagopalachariyar,  Chennai- 18

Nathu pura illakiyam- Ki Va jaganathan- malai aruvi- Monarch achagam- chennai

India 2020- APJ Abdul kalam- puthaiyuram aandugaluku aga oru thoali nooku,  New century book house, chennai

Thirukkural-Bhoombugar pathipagam- puliyur kesigan urai, Chennai- 08

Kammbarin Ainthu noolgal- Vanathi pathupagam- Dr. R. Rajagopalachariyar,  Chennai- 18

Nathu pura illakiyam- Ki Va jaganathan- malai aruvi- Monarch achagam- chennai

India 2020- APJ Abdul kalam- puthaiyuram aandugaluku aga oru thoali nooku,  New century book house, chennai

Tamizhar nattup padagal - N Vanamamalai, New century book house, Chennai

EXAMINATION AND ASSIGNMENTS: There is a continuous evaluation both at the formal and informal levels. The language skills and the ability to evaluate a text will be assessed

This paper will have a total of 50 marks shared equally by End Semester Exam (ESE) and Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) While the ESE is based on theory the CIA will assess the students' critical thinking, leadership qualities, language skills and creativity

This course is taught in the second year for students from different streams, namely BA, BSc and B Com. If the first year syllabus is an attempt by the Department of English, Christ University to recognize and bring together the polyphonic Indian voices in English and Indian regional literatures in translation for the Additional English students of the first year, the second year syllabus intends to take that project a little further and open up the engagement of the students to texts from across the world. The syllabus - selection of texts will concentrate on readings from South Asian, Latin American, Australian, Canadian, and Afro-American. It will voice subaltern concerns of identity, gender, race, ethnicity and problems of belongingness experienced by humanity all over the globe.

The syllabus will extend the concerns of nation and nationality and marginalization, discussed within the Indian context to a more inclusive and wider global platform. We have consciously kept out ‘mainstream’ writers and concentrated on the voices of the subalterns from across the world. There is an implicit recognition in this project that though the aspects of marginalization and the problems facing subalterns are present across cultures and nations, the experiences, expressions and reflections are specific to each race and culture. The course will address these nuances and specificities and enable our students to become more aware and sensitive to life and reality around them. This will equip the students, who are global citizens, to understand not just the Indian scenario, but also situate themselves within the wider global contexts and understand the spaces they will move into and negotiate in their future.

There is a prescribed text book Blends: Voices from Margins for the second year students, compiled by the Department of English, Christ University and intended for private circulation. 

The course objectives are

·         to introduce the students to look at different cultures through Literature

·         to help students develop an understanding of subaltern realities and identity politics

·         to inculcate literary sensibility/taste among students across disciplines

·         to improve language skills –speaking, reading, writing and listening

·         to equip the students with tools for developing lateral thinking

·         to equip students with critical reading and thinking habits

·         to enable them to grasp and appreciate the variety and abundance of subaltern writing, of which this compilation is just a glimpse 

·         to actively engage with the world as a cultural and social space (to be facilitated through proactive CIAs which help students to interact and engage with the realities they face everyday and have come across in these texts)

·         to learn and appreciate India and its place in the world through association of ideas in the texts and the external contexts

·         to reiterate the study skills and communication skills they developed in the previous year and extend it.  

Unit 1: Novella

·         Viktor Frankl: “Man’s Search for Meaning”(Excerpts)                                       

Short Story                                                                                                    

·         Anton Chekov: “The Avenger”

·         Chinua Achebe: “Marriage is a Private Affair”

·         Nadine Gordimer: “Train from Rhodesia”

·         Wakako Yamuchai: “And the Soul Shall Dance”

Poetry                                                                                                             12 hrs

·         Octavio Paz: “As One Listens to the Rain”

·         Jamaica Kincaid: “Girl”

·         Derek Walcott: “A Far Cry from Africa”    

·         Joseph Brodsky: “Freedom”

·         Alice Walker: Excerpts from “In Search of My Mother’s Gardens”

·         Hannah Arendt: “Men in Dark Times”

Dalai Lama Nobel Acceptance Speech

Viktor Frankl's "Man's Search for Meaning"

Diary of Anne Frank

Famous Nobel Lectures

CIA2: Mid-semester written exam for 50 works

CIA 3: This is to be a creative test/ project in small groups by students. They may do Collages, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes, presentations, debates, charts or any other creative test for 20 marks. This test should allow the students to explore their creativity and engage with the real world around them and marks can be allotted to students depending on how much they are able to link the ideas and discussions in the texts to the world around them.

This course helps to understand the concepts of computer networks, network models and object oriented programming to develop real world applications. This course gives knowledge of various network components, protocols, architectures and its applications in data communication system.

CO2: Create small to medium-sized application programs that demonstrate professionally acceptable coding.

CO3: Analyze and design the practical solutions to the problem by applying Object-oriented concepts and network technologies

Data communications: components – Network criteria – physical structures – network models – categories of networks –interconnection of networks - Inter network Protocols and standards: protocols-standards-standards organizations- internet standards Network models: Layered tasks – OSI model – layers in the OSI model - TCP/IP protocol suite

Data and Signals: Analog and Digital: Analog and Digital Data – Analog and Digital signals, periodic and non periodic signals - Transmission Impairment: Attenuation – Distortion – Digital Transmission: Digital to digital conversion: Line coding – line coding schemes – PCM – serial transmission – parallel transmission. Transmission Media Guided media: Twisted pair cable – coaxial cable – fiber optic cable - Unguided media: radio waves - micro waves – infrared

Error correction and detection: Introduction – checksum; Multiple Access: Random access – Aloha Controlled Access: reservation – polling – token passing. Channelization: FDMA - TDMA Wireless Lans IEEE 802.11 - architecture - MAC sub layer Addressing mechanism. Connecting Devices – hubs – repeaters – bridges – switches – routers – gateway.

Network Layer: Addressing IPV4 addresses - IPV6 Addresses - Internet Protocol: IPv4 – IPv6Address. mapping protocols: ARP – RARP Routing protocols: Unicast routing protocols: distance vector routing, Link State routing, Multicast Routing protocols

Transport Layer: Process to process delivery – UDP – TCP. DNS: Name space – domain name space – distribution of name space Electronic mail Architecture – FILE transfer: FTP. WWW and HTTP: Architecture – web documents – HTTP.

OOPs - Problems in Procedure Oriented Approach, Features  of  Object  Oriented  Programming System, OOPs Concepts-Class/Object, Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism, History and Evolution of Java, Overview of Java Data types, Variables, Arrays, Operators and Control structures.

Class fundamentals, objects, methods, constructors,  overloading  methods and constructors. Access control-static, Command line arguments, Inheritance & its  types,  super&  this keyword, Abstract class.

Self-Study: String class, Garbage Collection & finalize.

Defining packages, access protection, importing packages, defining, implementing interfaces. Nested interfaces. Inheritance and interfaces. Use of static in interfaces.

Fundamentals of exceptional handling, types of exceptions, uncaught exceptions, using try, catch, multiple catch clauses, nested try, throw, throws, finally, creating user defined exceptions, Chained exceptions, Introduction to multithreading - The Java Thread model, Thread priorities and Synchronization.

I/O - classes, interfaces, files and directories, Byte stream and character streams, Enumerations fundamentals, The values ( ) and valueOf( ) Methods, Type Wrappers -Character, Boolean, The Numeric Type Wrappers.

[2] Herbert Schildt, Java: The Complete Reference, Oracle Press, Tenth Edition, 2018

[2] Andrew S Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 5th Edition, PHI publication, 2012.

 [3] Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S Davie, Morgan Kaufmann, Computer Networks: A system approach, 2010.

[4] Core Java Volume-1 Fundamentals,Cay S. Horstmann,Pearson Education, Tenth edition ,2016.

ESE: 50%

To enable the students to gain hands on experience in object-oriented programming using Java

CO2: Implement the concepts of code reusability and debugging

CO3: Develop applications using java

1. Implement the concept of class

2. Implement the concept of arrays

3. Implement the concept of String Handling.

4. Implement the concept of method overloading.

5. Implement the concept of inheritance

6. Implement the Abstract class.

7. Implement the concept of interfaces

8. Implement the concept of packages

9. Implement the concept of exception handling.

10. Demonstrate usage of File Input Stream and File Output stream

ESE 50%

This course emphasises the advancement in the field of microcontrollers and microprocessors. The course content focuses on skill development in interface design and programming and it also caters to the need of regional employability requirements.

An introduction to microcomputer organization and the basic architecture of the 8085 microprocessor is included in Unit I. The software part consists of learning about the instruction set and programming in assembly language. The internal structure and the detailed architecture of the 8051 microcontroller are included in Unit III. The emphasis is given to interfacing the 8051 microcontroller to real-world devices such as switches, LED display, motors and A/D converters through assembly language. Additional programs and interfacing projects based on 8051 microcontrollers will be given to students to strengthen their programming and technical skills.

This course enables the students to

• Demonstrate 8085 microprocessor and 8051 microcontroller.
• Analyse and Interface different IO devices with microprocessor and microcontroller
• Program a microcontroller using different simulation tools
• Illustrate and demonstrate the instruction sets and their functional groups related to microcontroller and microprocessor

• Describe the architecture of the 8085 microprocessor and 8051 microcontroller Understand the fundamentals of the microprocessor and microcontroller
• Discuss the functional group of instructions for both microprocessor and microcontroller Understand and analyse the instruction sets of 8085 and 8051
• Develop skills in writing assembly language programs and also use simulation tools to program a microcontroller. Write assembly language programs
• Learn interfacing of basic I/O devices design interfacing circuits for memory and other I/O devices

Introduction to Microcomputers, Input & output device, memory,main features of 8085. Block diagram, description of various blocks, flag register, bit pattern, the definition of each bit. Pin-out Diagram of 8085. Functions of various signals. Data and address buses. Memory organization & addressing. Memory Interfacing, Memory map, Memory interface examples with RAM, ROM and EPROM and logic diagrams. Latest trends in digital computers, major technical specifications(qualitative)

Instruction format, classification based on word size, addressing modes, Instructions set (Data transfer including Stacks. Arithmetic, logical, branch, and control instructions). Subroutines, delay loops. Timing states. Instruction cycle, Machine cycles (op-code fetch, memory read, memory write, I/O read and I/O write) Timing diagram of MOV, MVI, STA and LDA instructions. Hardware and software interrupts. Interrupts classifications, Interrupt Priority.

Introduction to the microcontroller, comparison between microprocessor and microcontroller, an overview of 8051 family, a functional block diagram of 8051 microcontroller, description of blocks, Program Status Word (PSW) register, Pin out diagram of 8051 microcontroller 8051, description of I/O port pins, block diagram representation of port. A qualitative study of other microcontrollers - 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, their specifications and applications.

8051 Addressing modes in 8051 and accessing memory locations using various addressing modes, assembly language instructions using each addressing mode, Data transfer group instructions. Arithmetic and logic instructions, 8051 programming for time delay & I/O port programming, bit manipulation instructions, bit-level programming, Operations and manipulation for arithmetic and logic instructions. Branching and looping instructions. Assembly language Program examples, Programs to interface the basic I/O devices (push button, LED). Introduction to 8051 IDE.

[2]. Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice G Mazidi & Rolin.D McKinlay (2008). The 8051 microcontroller and embedded system. (2nd Edition), Pearson Prentice Hall.

[3]. Kenneth J Ayala (2005). The 8051 microcontroller Architecture programming and Applications (2nd Edition) Pen ram International Publishing PVT. Ltd.

[4]. Raj Kamal, (2003). Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, (3rd Edition), TMH.

[2].V Udayashankara, M.S. Mallikarjunaswamy,(2009). 8051 Microcontroller Hardware, software and applications, (3rd Edition), TMH.

[3]. Raj Kamal, (2005). Microcontroller Architecture programming Interfacing and system design, (3rd Edition.) Pearson Education.

[4]. Shibu K.V. Introduction to Embedded Systems, (3rd edition), McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2009.

This practical course focuses on the skill development of students by introducing them to various arithmetic, and logical problems that can be solved using assembly language programs. This course also enables them to design interfacing circuits for the 8051 microcontroller. describes the technical features and specifications of 8085 microprocessor and 8051 microcontrollers. Students will be debugging, practising and executing the programs that they are doing in the theory class.

This course enables the students to

• Identify the functions of instructions used in the programming of 8085 and 8051 devices
• Solve arithmetic and logical problems by writing assembly language programs
• Design and verify the working of interfacing circuits
• Learn to use the software simulators to execute the assembly language programs

Introduction to the 8085 simulator and installation

2. Introduction to 8085 trainer kit and sample programs

3. Data transfer operations using various addressing modes

4. Addition and Subtraction of 8-bit numbers

5. 16-bit Addition

6. Multiplication of two 8 bit numbers

7. Introduction to the 8051 trainer kit and sample programs simulator and installation

8. Program to find the sum of n numbers in a block.

9. Number of 1s and 0s in a given byte

10. LED Interfacing to 8051microcontroller

11. Push-button interfacing to 8051microcontroller

12. Interfacing of 7 segment LED display unit to display 0 to 9

13. Interfacing of DAC to generate square waveform on CRO

14. Use of 8085/8051 Simulators

[2]. RajKamal, (2003). Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design,(3rd Edition.), New Delhi, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Company.

Interfacing”, Pearson Education, 2008.

[2]. K A Krishnamurthy, Microprocessor Lab primer, 2nd ed., Interline publishing Co, 2000

This syllabus is meant to cater to all the three streams- B.A., B.Sc.and B.Com therefore the selection of units, has been done keeping in mind the general needs of students from these different backgrounds. Topics of universal concern, appeal and relevance have been included to sustain the interests of all students.

The selection of topics also progresses in complexity with each semester, enabling the students to gradually progress into more serious and sustained patterns of reading and become increasingly perceptive and conscious of their own selves and the world they see around them.In a nutshell we aim to bring out a text that will empower the holistic development of every student. 

In addition, the selection of topicsis also heavily based on skill sets identified to be taught. Topics are carefully chosen to integrate appropriate language and communication skills among students. The specific focus of these two semesters is to build employability skills among them and to this effect, we have career advancement skills and employability skills based units. The learners will be exposed to various skill sets required to be able to handle various requirements both in their academic and workplaces.

Course Objectives:   

·       To enable learners to develop reading comprehension for various purposes

·       To enable learners to develop writing skills for academic and professional needs

·       To enable learners to develop the ability to think critically and express logically

·       To enable learner to communicate in a socially and ethically acceptable manner

·       To enable learners, to read, write and speak with clarity, precision and accuracy

Self-awareness

Stress management

Assertive skills

Critical thinking

Creative problem solving and decision making

 Appreciative inquiry

 Conflict resolution

Professional ethics and etiquette (cell phone etiquette)

Organisation skills

Research and information management

Teamwork

Leadership skills 

Workplace ethics- culture, values and gender (netiquette)job search skill, mindfulness, goal setting, self-awareness

Interview skills

Professional etiquette

Elevator pitch

Teleconference

Video conference

Conference calls

Negotiation

Networking 

Writing for advertisement

Developing web content

Infographics

Emails 

Making notes in meetings

Minutes

Newspaper writing

Press release

Blog writing

Tender

Memo

Brochure

User manual

CIA 1: Classroom assignment/test/ written or oral tasks for 20 marks keeping in tune with the course objectives and learning outcomes.

CIA 2: Mid-semester for 50 marks.

CIA 3: Collage, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes or any creative assignments.

End- semester 50 marks 

End Semester Exam: 2 hrs

French as a second language in the UG program. The method Génération A2 consists of a student's book and an activity book, both included in the digital manual. It consists of 6 units preceded by an initial section of 'Welcome'. Continuing from where A1 left, it aims to enhance learning skills further. The structure of each unit marks a real learning journey into different aspects of the French language and culture.

Course Objectives

·       To develop linguistic competencies and sharpen oral and written communicative skills further

·       To enhance awareness of different aspects of francophone civilization.

·       To enrich the learner’s vocabulary

·       To enable learners to engage in and discuss simple topics with ease

Lesson 1: Let’s do the housework!

Lexicon – Lodging, the house, rooms

Grammar – The progressive present tense , possessive pronouns, negative form

Speech act – Protesting and reacting

 Lesson 2: About lodging

Lexicon – Furniture and equipment, household tasks

Grammar – Some adjectives and indefinite pronouns, verbs ‘to read, to break up

                   and to complain’

Speech act – Expressing interest and indifference

Molière’ s L’Avare – Français facile -Act III Sc 8 onwards

Lesson 1: All in form!

Lexicon – The human body: exterior / interior, sickness and medicines

Grammar – Simple past tense and imperfect, recent past, expression of duration

Speech act – Narrating in the past tense

Lesson 2: Accidents and catastrophes

Lexicon – Accidents, natural catastrophes

Grammar – Adjectives and indefinite pronouns: nothing, no one, verbs ‘to say,  to run, to die’

Speech act – Expressing fear and reassuring

Molière’ s L’Avare – Français facile -Act IV

Lesson 1: Studying abroad, Happy journey

Lexicon – The educational system, formalities to go abroad

Grammar – Demonstrative pronouns, simple future tense, situating in time

Speech act – Expressing one’s opinion,

 Lesson 2: The weather

Lexicon – The weather

Grammar –Me too, not me, impersonal verbs, verbs ‘ to believe, to follow and to rain’

Speech act – Speaking about the weather, speaking about the future

Molière’ s  L’Avare – Français facile -Act V

2.     Molière, L’Avare – Français facile

Course Description:

The detailed text-book "Ashad ka ek din” is a drama by Mohan Rakeshi, one of the eminent writers of modern Hindi Literature. Hindi journalismis is one of the major unit of this semester. Phrases, idioms, technical and scientific terminology are included in this semester to improve the literary skills.

Course Objectives:

Through the prescribed play and the theatre performance, students can go through the process of experiential learning. Study of Mass media enables them to get practical training. Phrases, idioms, technical and scientific terminology sharpen the language skills of the students.  

Madhavi (Play) ByBhishma Sahni. Rajpal and Sons, New Delhi - 110006 

Level of knowledge: Analitical

•  Report writing,
• Media Interview                                                                    
•  Hindi Journalism 
• Electronic media and Hindi,
• Print media                                    

Level of knowledge: Conceptual

1. 50 Nos. Phrases and Idioms for writing the meaning and sentence formation.  

2. 100 Nos. (Hindi equivalent)

Level of knowledge: Basic

1. "Ashad ka ek din ” is a drama by Bhisma Sahni. Rajpal and Sons, New Delhi - 110006

2. Hindi PatrakaritakaIthihas:By Jagadeesh Prasad Chaturvedi

3. HindiPatrakaritaSwaroopEvamSandarbh:                          By Vinod Godare

4. Media Interview:                     By Philip Bell,Theovanleeuwen.

CIA-2(Mid sem exam)

CIA-3((Wikipedia-Article creation)

End sem exam

The course introduces the rich Kannada language and helps students to read and write the Regional language effectively. The prescribed text ‘Kalagnani Kanaka’ (Kanaka, the visionary) is all about 15^th century poet, saint and philosopher of the Haridasa Bhakti tradition. “Kanaka’s writings touch on all aspects of truth and social reality’ said K.R. Nagaraj, literary critic and the author of the Kalagnani Kanaka play. “Kanaka’s poetry is dense with rhyme, rhythm, meter and rich descriptions. He upholds social justice while addressing the issues of the time-caste and class differentiation and gender oppression, for example. Contrary to popular belief, he never confined himself to any one philosophical tradition- Advaita, Dwaita or Vishistadwaitha” ‘Kannadada Moovattu Kathegalu’ is another prescribed text. Through this text the students are exposed to the writings of Koradkal Sreenivasa Rao, K. P. Poornachandra Tejaswi, Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, G. P. Basavaraj and others. Short stories help students in harnessing creative writing skills.

Act- 1

Act- 2 

Act- 3 

Act- 4 

Act- 5

Act- 6

1.      Dhaniyara Sathyanarayana-Koradkal Sreenivasa Rao

2.      Thabarana Kate- K. P. Poornachandra Tejaswi

3.      Gowthami Helida Kathe- Masti Venkatesha Iyengar

4.      Raja mattu Hakki- G. P. Basavaraj

Essay Writing/ Letter Writing/ Dialogue writing 

2.      Kannada Rangabhoomi; L.S. Shesshagiri Rao

3.      Kannada Sanna Kathegala Olavu- Giradi Govinda Raju

4.      Tabarana Kathe- Kannada Screen play by Girish Kasaravalli

2.      Kannada Rangabhoomi; L.S. Shesshagiri Rao

3.      Kannada Sanna Kathegala Olavu- Giradi Govinda Raju

4.      Tabarana Kathe- Kannada Screen play by Girish Kasaravalli

CiA-2 Mid Semester Exams- 50 marks

CIA-3 Wikipedia Article writing- 20 marks

End Semester Exams- 50 marks

Course description : This course aims at developing the ability to write the mathematical proofs.  It helps the students to understand and appreciate the beauty of the abstract nature of mathematics and also to develop a solid foundation of theoretical mathematics.

Course objectives : This course will help the learner to

COBJ1. Understand the fundamentals of groups and its theories.

COBJ2. Relate abstract algebraic constructs to more familiar sets and operators

COBJ3. Know about the subgroups and group homomorphisms

COBJ4. Get familiar with the theories on rings, integral domains and fields.

Definition and examples of groups, examples of abelian and non-abelian groups, the group Z_n of integers under addition modulo n and the group U(n) of units under multiplication modulo n, complex roots of unity, groups of symmetries: Equilateral triangle.

Subgroups, the concept of a subgroup generated by a subset and the commutator subgroup of group, examples of subgroups including the center of a group. order of an element, cyclic subgroups, Cosets, Index of subgroup, Lagrange’s theorem, consequences of Lagrange’s theorem, Normal subgroups: their definition, examples, and characterizations, Quotient groups, permutation groups and Symmetric groups – Homomorphism of groups – Kernel of group homomorphisms and theorems thereon – Fundamental theorem of homomorphism of group.

Definition and examples of rings, examples of commutative and non-commutative rings: rings from number systems, Zn the ring of integers modulo n, ring of real quaternions, rings of matrices, polynomial rings, and rings of continuous functions. Subrings and ideals, Integral domains and fields, examples of fields: Zp, Q, R, and C. Field of rational functions.

Course description: The course Python programming for mathematical modelling is aimed at enabling the students study the implementation of Python programming for solving some real world problems. It is designed with a learner-centric approach wherein the students will acquire mastery in the modelling and simulation by using Python programming language as a tool.

Course objectives: This course will help the learner to

COBJ1. Acquire proficiency in using Python to present data grapically

COBJ2. Solving differential equations analytically and numerically using Python.

COBJ3. Acquire skills to solve various Mathematical models- exponential growth, Logistic growth, simple pendulum and spreading of disease.

1. Plots -2D and 3D, graph customization.
2. Solving calculus problems: functions, limits, continuity, and derivatives.
3. Application of derivatives: cost function, revenue function, marginal cost, marginal revenue.
4. Differential equations in sympy.
5. Solution of initial value problems.
6. Mathematical models using linear differential equations interest rate- Population growth.
7. Python program for data management (Library, Bank, Billings).
8. Case Study.

Avimarakam by Bhasa is the drama  prescribed as a text and approved in the B.O.S.  It is sociological drama which explains about the society.  . This drama is an imaginary composition of Bhasa . The concept and drama skills expresses the beauty of the style of the author Bhasa.  He creates the characters and the incidents are naturally created. Grammar will also be studied.

Avimarakam of Balagovindaha  Jha Origin and development of Nataka to understand the different theories and original nature of Sanskrit dramas. Avimarakam  by Balagovind jha  provides an insight to sociological life .Basic grammer only rules are given for usage in composition. Language component will help for proper usage of Sanskrit language.

             Level of knowledge: Basic/conceptual/ Analytical

Avimaraka meeting kurangi and Avimaraka engtering into the mansion of  Kurangi

Karaka prakaranam 

Vykarana vishesha 

Translation of given passage from English to Sanskrit

Writing an article in Sanskrit on the given topics

Avimarakam  by Balagovind jha 

Books for Reference: -

1.      “Avimarakam” by Balagovinda Jha

2.      Basanatakachakram  of choukamba edition.

3.      Sanskrit dramas by a.B.Keith

4.      Sanskrit grammar by M.R.Kale.

CIA 2 Mid semester examinations

CIA 3 Wikipedia assignments

A new concept, cultural studies, will take the students beyond prescribed syllabus to include music, theatre, painting, and films out of which the art form of music is taken up for the first semester.  Aram poetry- Ara nericharam specifies life discipline and standards, which would pave a successful life for the students. 

Bhakthi ilakiya- them bhavani, cheerapuranam, thirumandiram is inclined towards ritual practices. Kaapiyam with its historical values provides an understanding about life in a mature way.

seevaga sindhamani.

Thirumular Thirumandhiram

These topics coherently plays a significant role in inclination towards spiritual aspects of life. It puts for the religious beliefs and entitles each one to understand the rituals and practices.

Aranericharam- Munai padaiyaar

The text acustoms the core values and ethics with the ideological guidelines and ways of living.

Thembavani

Seera puranam

Thiru mular, thiru mandhiram

The text elicits the importance of rituals and beliefs.